In the writings of Soviet philosophers and biologists, both individual and team-written, one finds interesting thoughts on contradictions in animate nature and on the diversity and specifics thereof. It must be stated, however, that biotic contradictions have been studied considerably less than social ones. We are still at the beginning of the road to the solution of this problem. One of the reasons for this is the profoundly erroneous notion that study of contradictions in nature, animate and inanimate, inevitably resolves (...) to adducing illustrations of the operation therein of the universal law of the unity and struggle of opposites. However, research on the objective dialectics of nature, particularly the contradictions inherent in it, signifies not mere adducing of examples illustrating the universal laws of dialectics, but knowledge of the specific ways in which they manifest themselves, particularly of those diverse and contradictory connections and relationships of which life is woven. (shrink)

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the development of the implementation of patient rights and the practical course of patient rights legislation in Edirne, as well as the verbal and written applications to relevant departments between 2004 and 2008. Methods The present study was a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study. The data of the study were obtained by retrospectively reviewing records of written complaints to patient rights units and on-site solutions between 2004, the year of establishment of (...) these units, and 2008. Results The incidence of written and verbal complaints were calculated to be 23.1 in 100 000 and 137.9 in 100 000, respectively. The increase was 102.2% for on-site solutions, whereas it was calculated as 97.8% for written applications. It was noticed that the rate of violation judgements was high (42.5% (17/40)) in the first year the Edirne State Hospital patient rights committee was established. Conclusions Possible problems encountered during the presentation of health services can be solved by the implementation of patient rights under the legislative guarantee. The implementation of patient rights should be considered as reflections of a socialised government on health services. (shrink)

According to Proudhon, before Kant, the believer and the philosopher moved “by an irresistible impulse,” asked themselves, “What is God!” They then asked themselves “Which, of all religions, is the best!” “In fact, if there does exist a Being superior to Humanity, there must also exist a system of the relations between this Being and Humanity. What then is this system! The search for the best religion is the second step that the human mind takes in reason and in faith. (...) Kant gave up these insolvable questions. He no longer asked himself what is God, and which is the best religion; he set about explaining the origin and development of the Idea of God; he undertook to work out the biography of this idea.” And the results he attained were as great as they were unexpected. “What we seek, what we see, in God, as Malebranche said ... is our own Ideal, the pure essence of Humanity ... The human soul does not become conscious of its Ego through premeditated contemplation, as the psychologists put it; the soul perceives something outside itself, as if it were a different Being face to face with itself, and it is this inverted image which it calls God. Thus morality, justice, order, law, are no longer things revealed from above, imposed upon our free will by a socalled Creator, unknown and ununderstandable; they are things that are proper and essential to us as our faculties and our organs, as our flesh and our blood. In two words religion and society are synonymous terms, man is as sacred to himself as if he were God.”. (shrink)

Предназначено для представителей науки и образования, политических партий, общественных и религиозных организаций, органов государственного управления.

Автор бросает вызов с одной стороны как материалистической, так и идеалистической философии прошлого и настоящего, с другой - канонической космологической теории Большого взрыва, основанной на принципах механицизма, присущего естествознанию наших дней.